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A stronger yen-won exchange rate underlines Japan’s perception of safety with Seoul now plunged into a crisis, awaiting elections and wary of tensions escalating on the Korean Peninsula.

Mexico is considered the most attractive emerging market (EM) by Bloomberg, but is not the safest according to Euromoney’s country risk metrics.

The borrower’s gradually improving risk profile could see it overtake Brazil and Turkey before too long.

Egypt’s fall from grace is one of the more noteworthy of recent years.

Euromoney’s survey experts continue to downgrade the borrower, disagreeing with the president’s claims there is no justification for it.

The OECD’s arguments in favour of a higher credit rating are endorsed by experts taking part in Euromoney’s country risk survey.

Geert Wilders’ Eurosceptic-populist Freedom Party might win the forthcoming parliamentary elections. Yet the prospect of him forming a government is low, preventing political risk from overshadowing economic and fiscal strengths.

Greece must find a way to secure more aid from its creditors, but is caught in the crossfire between the IMF defending its pleas for debt relief and European policymakers insisting on repayment. The outcome is likely to be messy given the preponderance of elections in Europe this year, and a sense of déjà vu by kicking the can further down the road.

The country has disappointed investors by revealing undisclosed liabilities, which is underlining how African borrowers must be treated with caution.

Since the global crisis, plenty has been written about banks paring back their lending activities and more stringent capital adequacy rules limiting funding opportunities, particularly for higher-risk borrowers such as smaller companies.

Leaping into tier three, the country is on course to regain the rating it lost four years ago.

The initial launch of the new regime for margin requirements for non-cleared derivatives passed on September 1. This first wave affected those firms with the largest presence in the market for both initial and variation margins under the new regulations.

The rating agencies still won’t budge as the two countries’ risk scores diverge.

ECR’s crowd-sourcing survey shows global risk rising in 2016, with leading economists and political experts revising their views on asset safety.

The borrower is on its knees, crippled by a huge debt burden and in need of an external lifeline. Only an IMF deal can improve its fortunes.

Euromoney Country Risk shows global risk rising, as leading economists and political experts revise their views on asset safety.

Its risk score is still improving, but it should not be ignored the borrower is still an acute-risk, tier-five option, a year on from the elections.

The borrower is on shakier ground as its ability to refinance debt is questioned.

The six years following the global credit crisis have seen a blizzard of financial regulation hit Europe and wider global markets. As the regulatory landscape starts to settle, we consider the regulatory facts of life that can help companies of all sizes negotiate this new terrain successfully.

The fall in the currency could have repercussions for investor safety, extending the downward trend in its country risk score.

Macro and political headwinds make investors nervous. Uncertain market conditions have created a tough environment for anyone seeking to conduct an equity flotation or rights issue in Europe. Some recent high profile cancellations of equity transactions can also be attributed to poor planning or unrealistic expectations. So here are my thoughts on how a CFO can help keep an equity transaction on track — and more generally, keep a company’s shareholders on board.

Investor prospects in Portugal, Ireland, Spain and even Greece have brightened this year, but Italy could still put a damper on the recovery.

As borrowing costs in Europe continue to hit historic lows, Dr Michael Kilka, Divisional Head Advisory at Commerzbank responsible for capital market coverage of large corporate and institutional clients, discusses the opportunities and challenges for corporate financing

Political turmoil is heightening investor risk and will likely narrow the risk score differential with Japan, but a strong macro-fiscal situation should not be overlooked.

Investor risk has been rising this year with fears over Brexit, China, the oil price slump, eurozone debts and global conflict weighing heavily on portfolio decision-making. The shock impact of the Republican victory has made the picture even murkier and sent assets into a tailspin.

The October elections did not deliver the shock investors were bracing themselves for when anti-government protests took place earlier in the year – easing the risks and endorsing Iceland’s credentials for a credit rating upgrade based on its improving macro-fiscal profile.

Like most major regulatory changes, the introduction of new margin, collateral and capital requirements for non-cleared OTC derivatives has been subject to delay as regulators finalise the details and dealers are struggling with their implementation. With its global start date already having been delayed from Q3 2015 to 2016, Europe is now pushing back further, most likely to Q2 1017.