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GlaxoSmithKline, the pharmaceutical company, may enter a swap to hedge the interest-rate risk on a GBP1 billion (USD1.46 billion) fixed-rate bond it recently offered. In the swap the company would look to receive the coupon on the bond, 5.25%, and pay a LIBOR-based floating rate. Sarah-Jane Chilver-Stainer, group treasurer in London, said GSK sold the 30-year bonds with a fixed coupon because it was attracted by the rate. Credit Suisse First Boston and Schroder Salomon Smith Barney led the deal. It will keep the proceeds in sterling, which Chilver-Stainer called the company's natural currency. She declined comment on the rate it would look to pay and the maturity.

Fund managers and analysts are expecting a wave of onshore long/short equity hedge funds to be launched in Italy next year, to the tune of at least EUR3 billion (USD2.7 billion), which is likely to lead to increased demand for over-the-counter equity derivatives. Alternatives manager Kairos Partners, with EUR1.5 billion under management, has applied to the Banca di Italia for permission to launch Italy's first onshore single-strategy fund. The fund would use OTC derivatives to buy and sell stocks, for example it would buy put options as a way to short stocks, said Guido Brera, risk manager in Milan. He expects the fund will receive approval and be launched within three months. Brera said the fund will probably have around EUR550 million under management.

ING Investment Management Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) , with USD32 billion under management, is considering expanding its fixed-income portfolio to include purchasing and selling credit-default swaps for the first time next year.

Hartford Investment Management, a money manager with USD171 billion in assets, is working with Morgan Stanley as its exclusive counterparty as it prepares to pull the trigger on its first credit derivative. An official at the money manager in Hartford, Conn., said it chose Morgan Stanley because it had offered the best advise throughout the process. The money manager spoke to all the major players, including Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank and Goldman Sachs, the official added.

Government-owned Korea Development Bank is planning to become the first domestic bank to offer structured credit products as well as trade credit-default swaps to take advantage of the growing hunger for credit risk in Korea. H.G. Chung, head of financial engineering in Seoul, said the bank is looking to tap the growing interest in the products in Korea, as well as reduce credit risk on KDB's balance sheet through offering synthetic CDOs. Chung continued that the bank will target insurance companies as well as pension funds. The size of the initial synthetic CDO will likely be at least USD100 million.

Morgan Stanley has created an index of 35 corporate bonds to allow investors to both take on and shed corporate credit risk through investing in the index or entering total return swaps, according to Steven Zamsky, managing director and credit strategist in New York. The firm plans to begin trading calls and puts on the index, dubbed TRACERS, by early next year. "There is a lot of two-way demand and an incredible amount of trading volume," according to Zamsky. Since the inception of the index, a month ago, more than USD4 billion has been traded on the index.

Roulette wheels have been adding value to casino owners in Monte Carlo for hundreds of years, but more recently the mathematical technique named after that city--also used in quantum physics and atomic bomb research--has found a valuable application in finance. This Learning Curve looks at one simple application of Monte Carlo analysis to calculate the risk that LIBOR will exceed a set level in a given period of time. This allows the risk of a floating-rate investment to be quantified and helps to answer questions such as:

Schroder Salomon Smith Barney is looking to add one or two credit derivatives traders in London to meet increasing deal flow. Iftikhar Ali, head of the four-person default swap trading desk in London, said he plans to build the team because he expects this year's unprecedented growth and volatility in the credit derivatives market to continue next year as more end users and banks enter the market. He also predicts a healthy pipeline in the European cash bond market in the first quarter, which will lead to greater demand for protection.

Credit-default protection widened 400 basis points on Gap after speculation that the largest U.S. clothing chain was at risk of violating its loan covenants. Credit derivatives traders reported that the clothing company was among the most heavily traded last week despite overall low volume in the run up to Christmas.

Trading on the U.S. dollar/Argentina peso forward market came to a near halt last week as market players backed away in the wake of the country's ensuing political and economic chaos and waited to see if the currency peg to the U.S. dollar breaks. By Friday the market had already adjusted for the pending break by pricing the one-month forward between ARS1.40-2. "Nothing is happening in the market now. It's so illiquid. There is no interest to buy or sell. The market is nonexistent," said Hank Lynch, v.p. of foreign exchange options at FleetBoston.

UBS Warburg has agreed to join Morgan Stanley and J.P. Morgan in standardizing credit-default swap agreements between the major counterparties, according to Mike Pohly, head of credit derivatives at Morgan Stanley in New York. Officials at UBS did not return calls.

HBOS Group, the U.K. retail banking giant formed by the merger of Halifax and Bank of Scotland, is considering making the jump to becoming a credit market maker from an end user, with USD20 billion in credit investments. Officials from the two fractions in London said the new entity is contemplating starting a credit trading desk under the HBOS banner that may boost its credit portfolio by USD5 billion. The firm currently invests in cash and synthetic products, including synthetic collateralized debt obligations and mortgage-backed securities.