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KBC Financial Products has been structuring products recently that offer investors a hybrid return from the equity, credit and hedge funds arena. Carlo Georg, managing director and head of trading in London, said investors have been steering away from single asset class products and in particular, the demand for equity products has plummeted roughly 50% over the past year because of investors' aversion to the equity markets.

The planned 2002 ISDA Master Agreement will include a new definition of the close out amount and will add a force majeure termination event. Richard Tredgett, partner at Allen & Overy in London, said the new definition of the close out amount is the most important change because the market quotation requirement is seen as too strict a procedure and in market turmoil it is difficult to obtain quotations. In the new close out definition, the overriding principle is good faith and commercial reasonableness, Tredgett explained, adding that it combines elements of both market quotation and loss, maximizes flexibility of the non-defaulting party and does not require strict procedures of market quotation.

Roland Burley, at Bankgesellschaft Berlin AG in London, thinks there is more than one way to view the Marconi situation and explains why.

The Royal Bank of Scotland Financial Markets will bring its first managed collateralized debt obligation to the market this quarter. The EUR1 billion (USD981.8 million) CDO will be managed by a large European fund manager, according to David Littlewood, global co-head of the structured credit products group in London. He declined to provide further details.

The price of placing super senior risk has shot up over the last month as insurers have reassessed restructuring risk after U.S. broker dealers designated Xerox' restructuring in late June as a credit event. In addition, Financial Security Assurance--one of the largest players--recently decided to temporarily pull out of the CDO market, according to Betsy Castenir, spokeswoman in New York.

A panel of credit derivatives bankers suggested that the debate over including restructuring as a credit event could result in a dually-priced credit-default swaps market in which investors pay more to include restructuring as a credit event (see the Learning Curve for more about the cost of restructuring).

Guy Hargreaves, director of global credit derivatives marketing at Deutsche Bank in Sydney, is leaving the firm at the end of the month, according to officials familiar with the situation. Market officials said Hargreaves, who has worked at the firm for over a decade, is taking time off from the industry. He declined all comment.

Seoul-based insurer Kyobo Life Insurance is considering increasing its investments in hybrid notes as a way to increase the yield on its USD1 billion domestic fixed-income portfolio. Kuk Junho, associate portfolio manager, said, "It's hard to find as good of a yield," explaining that as a hybrid note contains both credit and interest rate exposure it offers a higher yield than traditional credit-linked notes.

Credit-default protection on bulge bracket firm JPMorgan Chase widened as much as 20 basis points last week, after the second-largest U.S. bank warned that third-quarter earnings would lag second-quarter results because of weaker-than-expected trading profits and bad loans. Five-year default swaps were trading at 95 basis points Wednesday, up from 75-80bps before the announcement, according to traders. Volume was very high, with one trader at a large U.S. dealer reporting he had done USD60 million in JPMorgan trades on Wednesday alone, compared to a daily average of USD5-10 million.

HSBC recently hired Ernest Yip, interest rate derivatives trader at JPMorgan in Hong Kong, as a government bond trader on its fixed-income trading desk. Yip is a replacement for Sean Wan, bond trader, who recently left the firm, according to Justin Chan, head of Hong Kong dollar interest rate and derivatives trading at HSBC in Hong Kong. Wan could not be reached for comment.

Lehman Brothers has started to offer perfect asset swaps and began marketing them over the summer to European investors. A perfect asset swap is used to remove an investor's interest rate and currency risk even if a bond defaults, whereas a cross-currency asset swap only protects investors if the asset never defaults, explained Dominic O'Kane, head of Lehman's European quantitative credit research group in London. O'Kane said Lehman has seen a lot of client interest in Europe for these types of swaps as credit spreads are wider in the U.S. and there is potential for investors to buy dollar-denominated U.S. names.

The outstanding notional value of credit-default swaps has grown by 31% in the first six months of the year, while the combined interest rate and currency swaps market has grown 14%, according to an ISDA mid-year flash survey.